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The main aim of this paper is to assess innovation policy instruments being recently applied by the Polish government. The instruments are analysed in the light of the latest reports for the European Commission and against the bac...
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The main aim of this paper is to assess innovation policy instruments being recently applied by the Polish government. The instruments are analysed in the light of the latest reports for the European Commission and against the background of the evolution of public innovation policy in Poland in the last two decades. The results of the conducted research do not allow to give a fully positive answer to the question whether the analysed policy tools are useful (helpful) to enterprises or entrepreneurs who plan to launch or/and conduct innovation activities.
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A holistic innovation policy is defined in this article as a policy that integrates all public actions that influence or may influence innovation processes. The Swedish National Innovation Council (NIC) was created by the Swedish ...
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A holistic innovation policy is defined in this article as a policy that integrates all public actions that influence or may influence innovation processes. The Swedish National Innovation Council (NIC) was created by the Swedish Prime Minister, Stefan Lofven, in February 2015. It is personally chaired by the prime minister. Another atypical characteristic of the Swedish NIC is that it has a dominant and wide focus on innovation policy. In other countries, such councils focus predominantly on science and/or research policy and treat innovation policy, if at all, as an "appendix" to research policy. The purpose of this article is to answer the following four questions:1. Has Swedish innovation policy recently become more holistic?2. Has the Swedish National Innovation Council (NIC) had a role in the transition towards a holistic innovation policy?3. Have conceptual specifications and advancements played a role in the changes in Swedish innovation policy?4. Can the Swedish NIC serve as a role model for other countries and regions in their attempts to initiate and govern a holistic innovation policy?
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Much greater emphasis is now being placed upon innovation in recognition that it plays an increasingly important role in enhancing industrial technology, thus the governments of many countries are currently adopting specific strat...
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Much greater emphasis is now being placed upon innovation in recognition that it plays an increasingly important role in enhancing industrial technology, thus the governments of many countries are currently adopting specific strategies aimed at stimulating innovation within firms. Taiwan is no exception; however, since the industrial structure of Taiwan comprises predominantly of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), their willingness to engage in innovative activities remains rather low. Furthermore, smaller firms are usually deterred from innovating because of scale barriers in some industries, particularly in the high-tech industries. The government in Taiwan has implemented a number of policy measures in recent decades aimed at enhancing firms' innovative investment, with notable policy measures focusing on speeding up the development of the high-tech sector including: 1. establishing the Hsinchu Science-based Industrial Park to provide an environment conducive to the high-tech industry. 2. organising innovation alliances to spread out firms' R&D risks and secure first mover advantages. 3. expanding the government - sponsored research institutes to serve as a technology transfer channel for the private sector. 4. providing tax incentives to absorb some of the costs of firms' R&D activities. 5. providing access to sources of venture capital. In this study we examine the effects of policy measures on firm productivity at firm level, since these policy measures are aimed at boosting the innovative environment within industry as a whole, promoting innovative activities and further enhancing firm productivity. Based upon a fixed-effects model extended from the Cobb-Douglas production function, and a sample of 136 manufacturing firms listed in the Taiwan Stock Exchange during the period 1994-2000, the results demonstrate that government innovation policy has had a significant effect on productivity within firms.
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This paper combines general definitions of innovation applicable in all economic sectors with a systems approach, to develop a conceptual framework for the statistical measurement of innovation. The resulting indicators can be use...
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This paper combines general definitions of innovation applicable in all economic sectors with a systems approach, to develop a conceptual framework for the statistical measurement of innovation. The resulting indicators can be used for monitoring and evaluation of innovation policies that have been implemented, as well as for international comparisons. The extension of harmonised innovation measurement to all economic sectors has implications for innovation research and for policy learning.
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To determine whether innovations in policy concerning climate-change mitigation are symbolic or truly radical in the sense of 'tipping' existing policy portfolios towards a new instrumental logic, we study policy innovations in th...
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To determine whether innovations in policy concerning climate-change mitigation are symbolic or truly radical in the sense of 'tipping' existing policy portfolios towards a new instrumental logic, we study policy innovations in the context of pre-existing policy portfolios and analyse the associated dynamics over time. Our analysis is facilitated by a new measurement of policy output, the Index of Climate Policy Activity. This new approach sheds light on the relative importance of policy innovations in complex policy portfolios, and serves as a blueprint for further analyses of the politics of policy innovation. Empirically, we analyse policy innovations within the policy portfolios of energy production in Austria, Germany, and the UK between 1998 and 2010. We find high stability in the instrumental logic but substantial change in policy settings and calibrations.
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Ever since the innovation systems (IS) concept was coined in the late 1980s, it has been accepted as a mechanism of economic and technological development in policy circles. This recognition follows a change in our understanding o...
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Ever since the innovation systems (IS) concept was coined in the late 1980s, it has been accepted as a mechanism of economic and technological development in policy circles. This recognition follows a change in our understanding of the characteristics of the innovation process as a non-linear process and having a systemic character. This changed understanding is also reflected in the movement in policy focus from science and technology (S&T) policy towards innovation policy. In recent years, the IS approach has been downscaled from the national level (NIS) to the regional level (RIS), a system's level that has gained the interest of policy makers. There are many rationales for this regionalization of innovation policy. However, as this paper points out, there are several challenges to implement an IS policy on the regional level. Based on a case study of a Swedish regional policy programme, this paper highlights (some of) the challenges related to defining the regional system's domain, implementing functional regions and securing sufficient regional knowledge infrastructure. This paper argues that when the IS approach is put into policy practice and downscaled to the regional level, it stands the risk of losing its strength as a tool for coping with the structural problems connected to innovation and globalization. Based on the identified challenges, the paper is concluded with a number of more general policy implications for IS-based policies with regional intentions.
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This paper proposes and tests a three-dimensional model of public support design as a framework to compare public incentives for innovation in firms through time and across countries, and consequently to compare forms of policy al...
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This paper proposes and tests a three-dimensional model of public support design as a framework to compare public incentives for innovation in firms through time and across countries, and consequently to compare forms of policy alignment of innovation objectives in an economy. Using data on 149 French and British policy programmes from the early 1980s to 2002, this paper shows that policy-makers implement programmes within a different three-dimensional design space in order to align several distinctive objectives and consequently strengthen the impact of governmental measures. Moreover, as the objectives of the national players and policy-makers evolved, the portfolio of innovation policies also evolved in their separate ways. Nevertheless, some similar trends are also observed.
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Departing from a number of theoretical perspectives from which rationales for science, technology and innovation (STI) policy can be extracted, this paper discusses three questions. First, what rationales for public intervention c...
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Departing from a number of theoretical perspectives from which rationales for science, technology and innovation (STI) policy can be extracted, this paper discusses three questions. First, what rationales for public intervention can be derived from different economic theories, including theories usually associated with spatial dynamics and territorial relationships? Second, what policy instruments or policy-mixes can be associated with the various rationales? Third, what do these theories and associated rationales tell us about the territorial level or levels at which STI policies can usefully be designed and implemented?
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This paper presents a study of innovation policy configurations in two BRICS countries, Russia and China; the fastest growing and most innovative countries in recent years. Employing a three-dimensional framework which maps policy...
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This paper presents a study of innovation policy configurations in two BRICS countries, Russia and China; the fastest growing and most innovative countries in recent years. Employing a three-dimensional framework which maps policy objectives, policy instruments and policy implementation, the research analyzes a database of 485 policy items issued between 1990 and 2013. Twenty-five innovation policy variables have been scrutinized vis-a-vis the three policy dimensions. The paper compares the experiences of Russia with China, across these three policy dimension areas, revealing the similarities and differences in innovation policy configurations. The research identifies how innovation management in both Russia and China has been shaped by contrasting histories, state institutions and economies. The paper offers an alternative perspective to the debate on the effective management of innovation, a debate currently dominated by the experiences of the USA, Japan and Western Europe.
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During the last two to three decades policy-makers have increasingly became concerned about the role of innovation for economic performance and, more recently, for the solution of challenges that arise (such as the climate challen...
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During the last two to three decades policy-makers have increasingly became concerned about the role of innovation for economic performance and, more recently, for the solution of challenges that arise (such as the climate challenge). The view that policy may have a role in supporting innovation has become widespread, and the term innovation policy has become commonly used. This paper takes stock of this rapidly growing area of public policy, with particular focus on the definition of innovation policy (what it is); theoretical rationales (why innovation policy is needed); and how innovation policy is designed, implemented, and governed.
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